Is the Availability of Immediate Inpatient Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Associated with a Decrease in Rapid Repeat Pregnancy?

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (IPP-LARC) after delivery may decrease rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP). RRP is associated with preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and infant/maternal mortality. In April 2017, the Ohio legislature passed SB 332, mandating immediate postpartum LARC coverage. Later that year, our hospital made the IPP-LARC Nexplanon (and not intrauterine devices [IUDs]) available to all delivering patients. This study aimed to see if SB 332 is associated with decreased RRP.

METHODS: Using electronic health record and state registry data, we examined sociodemographic and perinatal care variables for 726 pregnant adolescents and adults delivering at our hospital during the 12 months before and after IPP-LARC became available. We then determined the association between RRP and these variables.

RESULTS: After LARC became available, 62/368 patients chose Nexplanon. Gravidity (OR: 1.128) and vaginal delivery (OR: 1.682) were negatively associated with RRP while age at delivery was inversely associated (OR: 0.902,

CONCLUSIONS: After SB 332's passage, IPP-LARC availability was positively associated with RRP, but the percentage of patients who chose IPP-LARC was low. However, RRP occurred less often among patients who chose IPP-LARC placement. Hospital systems must actively invest in patient education and provider support to ensure interventions to reduce rapid repeat pregnancy are optimally utilized by vulnerable populations.

First Page

802

Last Page

811

DOI

10.3122/jabfm.2025.250137R1

Publication Date

1-6-2026

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